As environmental awareness continues to rise and the need for cost control becomes more pressing, the market demands packaging materials that are more economical and sustainable. In the cement packaging industry, traditional kraft paper valve bags have long been the go-to option. However, with advancements in technology and changing market demands, polypropylene (PP) woven valve bags are increasingly becoming a viable alternative to kraft paper valve bags.

1. Environmental and Sustainability Pressures Drive the Shift

While kraft paper valve bags have certain advantages in terms of strength and environmental friendliness, their production relies heavily on wood, and the recyclability of paper materials is relatively low. Additionally, the manufacturing process of paper bags often involves chemical treatments, which can have negative environmental impacts. In contrast, PP woven valve bags offer superior recyclability and lower carbon emissions, making them an ideal choice for eco-friendly packaging.

PP woven bags can be recycled multiple times, and unlike paper, they do not require the consumption of forest resources during production. With growing global attention on environmental regulations and sustainable production practices, the use of PP woven materials aligns with the future direction of the packaging industry.

2. Cost Benefits Fuel Market Demand

Compared to kraft paper, polypropylene is a more affordable raw material with a simpler manufacturing process, leading to higher production efficiency. The unit cost of PP woven valve bags is lower, making them a cost-effective choice for bulk packaging. For manufacturers, switching to PP woven bags allows them to reduce packaging costs while maintaining the necessary product protection.

Additionally, the lightweight nature of PP woven bags makes them more efficient in terms of transportation and storage. Unlike heavier paper bags, PP woven bags reduce shipping costs and are easier to handle, further driving their adoption by manufacturers looking to optimize operational expenses.

3. Superior Durability and Functionality

PP woven valve bags outperform kraft paper bags in terms of strength, corrosion resistance, UV protection, and overall durability. Due to the inherent properties of polypropylene, PP woven bags are highly resistant to moisture, acids, and alkalis, ensuring long-lasting performance even in harsh environments. This makes them an ideal choice for packaging cement and other powder-based materials, providing better protection from external elements.

Moreover, PP woven bags can be customized with various features such as water resistance, anti-static properties, and UV protection, further enhancing their functionality and adaptability to specific packaging requirements.

4. Market Trends and Competitive Landscape

As environmental policies become more stringent, companies are increasingly turning to sustainable, eco-friendly packaging solutions. PP woven valve bags, with their low cost, high strength, and favorable environmental impact, are becoming the preferred choice in the packaging market. In international markets, especially in Europe and North America, a growing number of cement producers are opting for PP woven bags as a replacement for traditional paper bags.

Market research indicates that the share of PP woven valve bags will continue to grow over the next few years. In response to this trend, many cement manufacturers are investing in PP woven bag production equipment to enhance efficiency and lower costs.

5. Recommendation for PP Valve Bag Machines

With the rising demand for PP woven valve bags, the production equipment used to manufacture these bags has become crucial. PP valve bag machines- Gachn-Jeenar’s PP valve bag machines, designed specifically for the production of PP woven bags, can significantly improve production efficiency and bag quality.

The advantages of modern PP valve bag machines include:

· High Efficiency: PP valve bag machines utilize automated production technologies, greatly increasing production speed. These machines can produce thousands of valve bags per hour, meeting the demands of large-scale production.

· Precision Design: Equipped with advanced control systems, PP valve bag machines ensure that each bag meets strict quality standards in terms of size, sealing, and durability.

· Customization Flexibility: Modern PP valve bag machines allow for the production of bags in various sizes, thicknesses, colors, and even printed designs, providing flexibility for different market needs.

· Energy Efficiency: With the latest technological advancements, PP valve bag machines are designed to be energy-efficient, reducing power consumption and material waste while meeting eco-friendly production standards.

· Low Maintenance Costs: These machines are designed with a simple structure, making them easy to operate and maintain, reducing long-term operational costs for manufacturers.

As the demand for PP woven valve bags continues to grow, investing in high-quality PP valve bag machines is a strategic move for cement manufacturers to increase production capacity, reduce costs, and remain competitive in the market.

Conclusion

PP woven valve bags present significant advantages over traditional kraft paper valve bags, particularly in terms of environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, and durability. As global demand for sustainable and efficient production practices rises, PP woven bags are poised to dominate the packaging market. For cement producers, investing in advanced PP valve bag machines --Gachn-Jeenar’s PP valve bag machines, will not only enhance production efficiency but also improve product competitiveness—making it a wise investment for adapting to the evolving market.

The processes of cotton knitting fabric(scouring, bleaching , dyeing and etc.) is generally carried out in the overflow machine. During the entire processing, the fabric remains in a rope-like state. The fibers constantly bend and deform in the dyeing machine, the original hydrogen bonds are constantly broken while new hydrogen bonds are constantly formed. Sometimes the newly formed hydrogen bonds cannot be fully restored, thus forming chicken claw marks and dead creases on the fabric surface.

In the single-sided fabric structure, tension of the two sides of yarn is asymmetric. After fabric is folded in one direction for a long time, it is difficult to recover. Therefore, among various structures,  especially on fabrics with less or larger weight (eg. plain weave and sweatshirt fabrics) are more prone to crease problems. The generation of creases is also closely related to yarn count and twist. The finer the yarn count and the higher the twist, the greater the possible reversal and untying of the yarn, and the more likely it is to cause crease problems.

The main process steps leading to creases: scouring and bleaching

1. The general dyeing and finishing process typically involves: fabric preparation → seam sealing → boiling and bleaching in the fabric dyeing machine → dyeing → soaping → color fixing → softening → fabric out from dyeing machine → dehydration → drying. It is commonly believed that creases mainly form in the dyeing machine. However, after rigorous experimental verification by our engineers, it has been found that most cotton knits actually develop creases during the boiling and bleaching stage, which are just not easily observable before dyeing.

2. Based on the years of experience of our engineers, the following types of fabric and equipments are prone to developing creases during the boiling and bleaching stage:

Fabric factors: Single-sided cotton fabrics with lighter or heavier weights (e.g., weights <150g or >300g), especially cotton spandex (with elastane) fabrics.

Machine factors: Compared to L-shaped overflow fabric dyeing machine, J-shaped overflow fabric dyeing machine are more prone to creating creases due to their stronger stretching force. Air-jet fabric dyeing machine, on the other hand, are less likely to cause creases because the fabric is fully blown open by high-pressure air at the nozzles, allowing the fibers to "rest" from tension, which aids in eliminating internal stress and reducing creasing issues.

Process factors: Fabrics that have not undergone prestretching are more prone to creasing. Fixing the fabric under high temperatures can improve fiber proximity and orientation, stabilize fiber morphology and reduce likelihood of changes occurring in dyeing machine, which is beneficial for reducing creases.

350g pure cotton knitted fabric (no creases after dyeing)

140g pure cotton knitted jersey (no creases after dyeing)

Solutions of scouring and belaching creases 

1. General Method: During boiling and bleaching, as well as dyeing, polyacrylamide-based lubricants are added. The primary role of this type of lubricating agent is to "reduce friction between fabrics and between fabrics and machinery," but it is difficult to resolve creases formed during boiling and bleaching.

2. Solution Proposed in This Article: To improve creases during boiling and bleaching, the following auxiliaries, processes, and operations are employed. Satisfactory results have been confirmed through applications by multiple clients.

Auxiliaries:

A. Preferentially select a high-concentration and highly soluble polyacrylamide-based anti-crease agent JET (non-ionic) for use in the bath. Its role is to reduce friction between fabrics and between fabrics and machinery.

B. Select new type of anti-crease softener RCE (non-ionic). Its role is to impart good softness and smoothness to the fabric itself, as well as to provide level dyeing properties. 

The combined use of these two auxiliaries is the core of this method.

Process:

Reduce the heating rate; the focus is on reducing the cooling rate, with an optimal range of 1.0 to 1.5°C/min.

Operations:

Before entering the dyeing machine, the gray fabric should be placed in an area with high humidity in workshop to allow for sufficient moisture regain. During moisture regain, the fibers undergo some swelling, and internal stresses are partially eliminated, which is conducive to reducing creases. After the gray fabric is loosened, it should be allowed to freely pass through a J-shaped trough, while simultaneously being pressed by a press roll or stretched by rollers, which is conducive to eliminating internal stresses and reducing creases.

3.Process example

Before boiling and bleaching, add refining permeant, etc., anti-wrinkle agent JET and anti-wrinkle softening agent RCE in the bath, do not heating firstly, cycle for 20 minutes after entering the cloth, so that the grey cloth is fully moistened and the auxiliary agent fully reacts with the fabric fiber. If bleaching is required, caustic soda and hydrogen peroxide can be added before heating. Reduce the rate of heating; Especially to reduce the cooling rate, generally 1.0 ~ 1.5℃/min is better; And it must be completely cooled to 50 ° C to discharge the liquid for dyeing.

Other items to prevent creases

1. In order to prevent the generation of creases, it is recommended to add polyacrylamide type lubricant - JET in the bath during dyeing, and reduce the cooling rate.

2. When dehydrating and dry cloth, open width rolling water dry cloth can be used, which not only improves the efficiency of dry cloth, but also helps to solve the problem of creasing. 

3. When stacking cloth, it is recommended that the weight should not be too large and the time should not be too long, especially when the wet cloth is stored.

4. If it is cotton rack (with spandex) fabric using this solution can not completely solve the crease problem, you can consider the presetting process. 

5. Generally, the slight crease can be solved by the setting machine, and the stubborn can be returned to the cylinder washing water, gradually heating up to 85 ° C, gradually cooling down to 50 ° C process test repair, or can be re-shaped by steam in the industrial drying machine, which can be repaired according to their respective equipment and crease conditions.

Want your color sorter to last like a seasoned pro? With 20 years of expertise in industrial sorting solutions, HTsorter knows a thing or two about keeping machines running smoothly—whether it’s the best plastic sorting machine for recycling, an AI-powered plastic color sorter for accurate sorting, or an automatic plastic separation machine for industrial use. Here’s how to dodge common pitfalls and squeeze more years out of your equipment.

1. Dust Is the Silent Killer—Fight It Daily

Industrial sorting zones are dust magnets, and grime is the enemy of precision. For AI-powered plastic color sorter for accurate sorting, dirty lenses or sensors can tank sorting accuracy overnight. Wipe down inspection windows with a microfiber cloth after each shift, and use compressed air to blast debris from nozzles. For automatic plastic separation machine for industrial use, weekly belt groove cleaning is a must—plastic crumbs here wear down belts and cause misalignment. A quick sweep saves costly repairs.

2. Small Parts, Big Impact: Don’t Neglect These Components

Dust brushes & filters: Replace them every 3 months. Worn brushes let glass surfaces fog up, tricking AI into misfiring; clogged filters starve air valves of pressure.

Air systems: Drain your compressor tank 3x daily (especially in winter)—frozen water can crack pipes. HTsorter’s best plastic sorting machine for recycling includes self-draining valves to skip the hassle.

Bearings & belts: Grease bearings quarterly, but avoid overdoing it—excess lube traps debris into abrasive clumps.

3. Smart Machines Need Smart Care

AI-powered plastic color sorter for accurate sorting learns on the job, but it still needs checkups. Calibrate sensors monthly to adapt to lighting changes, and update software regularly to patch bugs and boost efficiency. When switching materials, don’t force manual adjustments—HTsorter’s automatic plastic separation machine for industrial use offers 30+ preset modes for plastics like PET or PVC. Let the machine do the heavy lifting.

Why HTsorter?

Two decades of tinkering taught us what machines really need:

Dummy-proof design: Quick-release chambers for no-tool cleaning.

Smart alerts: An app tracks part wear and nags you before failures.

Global backup: From Dhaka recycling plants to Munich factories, we fix issues in 48 hours.

Whether it’s the ruggedness of our best plastic sorting machine for recycling or the pinpoint accuracy of our AI-powered plastic color sorter, HTsorter keeps your operation humming—not hemorrhaging cash.

Choosing a suitable color sorter is not simply buying a machine, but finding a solution that fits the production process like a tailor-made one. HTsorter has been deeply involved in the field of premium quality grain sorting equipment for 20 years. We know a truth: choosing the right tool doubles  efficiency; choosing the wrong tool will result in half the effort. Let's put aside the professional terms and get to the core of the problem.

1. Smart technology should "understand you" instead of "making things difficult for you"

Imagine a machine that can learn while working - this is a real advanced AI color sorter for grains. It can automatically adapt to real problems such as uneven grain size and high environmental dust, just like an experienced quality inspector who can easily pick out moldy rice or tiny impurities. For food processing scenarios, hygiene is the bottom line, so a rice color sorter for food processing must have both AI intelligence and food safety materials, such as an easy-to-clean stainless steel surface design.

2. Real durability is more important than fancy features

To put it bluntly, equipment that can't withstand 24/7 operation is an expensive decoration. When choosing, you should look at the "hard power": dustproof body, easy-to-replace parts, and maintenance without high technical thresholds. HTsorter's premium quality grain sorting equipment has been tested in real production environments - from rice processing plants to nut production lines, wherever the environment is harsh, it will go there. Don't be fooled by "high-end models" that need frequent debugging; simplicity and reliability are the key.

3. After-sales service cannot be "missing"

No matter how good the machine is, it is afraid that no one will take care of it when it encounters problems. Whether it is sorting rice or grains, suppliers must provide "beyond the manual" support. Need international certification? The system is stuck at 2 a.m.? Reliable partners will solve it quickly. HTsorter equips each grain AI color sorter with a global response team - no robot customer service, only real-person solutions.

Why choose HTsorter?

20 years of industry experience has allowed us to understand the pain points of production. Our rice color sorter for food processing are not only highly accurate, but also flexibly upgradeable as your business needs change. From AI technology that “learns on the job” to premium quality grain sorting equipment that outlasts its competitors, we focus on keeping your production line running smoothly, not on making you spend money on equipment.

Lab-companion, whom we committed to delivering high-quality environmental testing equipment that serves the diverse needs of various industries. As industry leaders, we offer a range of products that ensure reliable testing and quality assurance for your operations.

Our thermal chambers can operate within a temperature range of 0°C to + 200°C and a humidity range of 5% to 98% RH. These chambers provide stable, long-term test conditions, making them compliant with the ICH Q1A guideline and ideal for a multitude of applications.

Learn more about thermal chambers below and how they can help ensure longevity and reliability for all your testing needs.

WHAT ARE TEMPERATURE CHAMBERS?

Temperature Chambers, often interchangeably referred to as Thermal Chambers, are specialized enclosures designed to create controlled thermal environments.

These chambers enable precise temperature simulations ranging from extreme cold to elevated heat to provide a stable setting where researchers can test products or materials for their resilience, durability, and overall performance.

The role of temperature chambers is pivotal in research and development phases across industries. Temperature chambers subject a product to various thermal conditions it is likely to encounter in the real world.

This simulative testing is essential to quality assurance processes, ensuring that products meet the safety and performance standards required.

By replicating various temperature scenarios, temperature chambers allow manufacturers and researchers to identify potential design flaws early, thus saving both time and resources in the long run.

HOW DO THERMAL CHAMBERS WORK?

A thermal chamber is a complex assembly of various components that create a controlled thermal environment. At its core are heating and cooling systems that can generate the required temperatures. These systems often use electric heaters for heating and a combination of compressors and refrigerants for cooling.

Insulation is critical to maintaining the chamber’s internal environment. Specialized materials help ensure that temperature changes are well-contained. Airflow management is also key; fans and ducts circulate the air to create uniform conditions throughout the chamber.

The “brains” of a thermal chamber are its controls and sensors. These are responsible for monitoring the temperature and ensuring it remains within set parameters.

Many thermal chambers utilize PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) controllers to maintain temperature accuracy. PID controllers continuously calculate the difference between the desired and current temperatures, making real-time adjustments to the heating and cooling systems to keep the temperature within a predefined range.

All these components come together to power a system that can simulate a wide range of temperature conditions, making thermal chambers invaluable tools in product development and quality assurance processes.

TEMPERATURE CHAMBERS: INDUSTRIES AND APPLICATIONS

Temperature or thermal chambers are versatile tools that find applications across numerous industries. Their role in simulating various temperature conditions makes them indispensable for research, development, and quality assurance.

• AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

In the automotive sector, thermal chambers test components like engines, batteries, and HVAC systems. These tests help manufacturers ensure that vehicles can withstand extreme weather conditions, be it the cold of a frigid winter or the heat of a scorching desert.

• ELECTRONICS INDUSTRY

For electronics, thermal chambers help ensure that devices like smartphones, laptops, and other gadgets operate effectively across various temperatures. For example, humidity condition tests are crucial for consumer satisfaction and safety, ensuring that devices won’t fail when exposed to extreme conditions.

• MEDICAL/PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY

In the medical and pharmaceutical sectors, thermal chambers are essential for testing the stability and shelf-life of drugs and the reliability of medical devices. From vaccines to pacemakers, stability testing ensures these critical products operate safely and efficiently.

• AEROSPACE INDUSTRY

The aerospace sector often utilizes thermal chambers to test components that will endure extreme conditions in space or high-altitude flight. Aerospace manufacturers must test everything from materials used in aircraft bodies to the electronics in satellite systems to ensure resilience, reliability, and safety.

TYPES OF TESTS CONDUCTED IN THERMAL CHAMBERS

Thermal chambers are highly versatile and capable of performing an array of tests that simulate different environmental conditions. Some of the most common tests include:

• Thermal Cycling: This test exposes the subject to various temperatures, oscillating between cold and hot conditions, to assess its resilience and pinpoint any potential weaknesses.
• Thermal Shock: Here, the product is subjected to abrupt temperature changes to evaluate its ability to withstand sudden temperature fluctuations, a frequent cause of failure for numerous devices.
• High-Temperature Testing: This test assesses the subject’s ability to function in extremely high temperatures, often for extended periods.
• Low-Temperature Testing: This test evaluates how well a product can function at cold temperatures, often freezing or below.
• Temperature Humidity Testing: This test combines both temperature and humidity variables. While thermal chambers mainly focus on temperature conditions, they can often incorporate humidity settings to some extent. This is where they differ from humidity chambers, which primarily control moisture levels.

If you’re looking for a chamber that controls temperature and humidity, Lab-companion offers specialized chambers that provide the best of both worlds.

EXPLORE LAB-COMPANION’S TEMPERATURE CHAMBERS

When it comes to reliability and efficiency, our product catalog stands out for several compelling reasons:

• Accelerated Testing: With advanced heating and cooling systems, our chambers are designed for rapid temperature cycling, allowing for quicker test completion without compromising the accuracy of results.
• Reliable Results: The chambers are equipped with cutting-edge sensors and controls, ensuring that you receive consistent and reliable data throughout the testing process.
• Cost-Efficiency: Investing in a high-quality temperature chamber like those offered by us can significantly reduce long-term testing costs. Their durability and low maintenance requirements make them a cost-effective choice for any organization.
• Customizable Settings: Lab-companion offers a high degree of customization, allowing you to tailor the testing environment according to the specific needs of your product, further enhancing the accuracy of your tests.

Understanding the ins and outs of temperature chambers is essential for anyone involved in product development, research, or quality assurance across various industries.

These chambers play a crucial role in simulating different environmental conditions, enabling organizations to rigorously test their products for safety, reliability, and durability. From automotive and electronics to aerospace and pharmaceuticals, the applications are as diverse as they are crucial.

If you’re looking to elevate your testing processes, you can’t afford to overlook the value of a top-tier temperature chamber.

Contact us at the bottom of the page for more information.

Some companies equip their refrigeration systems with a wide array of components, ensuring that every part mentioned in textbooks is included. However, is it truly necessary to install all these components? Does installing all of them always bring benefits? Let's analyze this matter and share some insights with fellow enthusiasts. Whether these insights are correct or not is open to interpretation.

Oil Separator

An oil separator allows most of the compressor lubricating oil carried out from the compressor discharge port to return. A small portion of the oil must circulate through the system before it can return with the refrigerant to the compressor suction port. If the system's oil return is not smooth, oil can gradually accumulate in the system, leading to reduced heat exchange efficiency and compressor oil starvation. Conversely, for refrigerants like R404a, which have limited solubility in oil, an oil separator can increase the saturation of oil in the refrigerant. For large systems, where the piping is generally wider and oil return is more efficient, and the oil volume is larger, an oil separator is quite suitable. However, for small systems, the key to oil return lies in the smoothness of the oil path, making the oil separator less effective.

Liquid Accumulator

A liquid accumulator prevents uncondensed refrigerant from entering or minimally entering the circulation system, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency. However, it also leads to increased refrigerant charge and lower condensation pressure. For small systems with limited circulation flow, the goal of liquid accumulation can often be achieved through improved piping processes.

Evaporator Pressure Regulating Valve

An evaporator pressure regulating valve is typically used in dehumidification systems to control the evaporation temperature and prevent frost formation on the evaporator. However, in single-stage circulation systems, using an evaporator pressure regulating valve requires the installation of a refrigeration return solenoid valve, complicating the piping structure and hindering system fluidity. Currently, most test chambers do not include an evaporator pressure regulating valve.

Heat Exchanger

A heat exchanger offers three benefits: it can subcool the condensed refrigerant, reducing premature vaporization in the piping; it can fully vaporize the return refrigerant, reducing the risk of liquid slugging; and it can enhance system efficiency. However, the inclusion of a heat exchanger complicates the system's piping. If the piping is not arranged with careful craftsmanship, it can increase pipe losses, making it less suitable for companies producing in small batches.

Check Valve

In systems used for multiple circulation branches, a check valve is installed at the return port of inactive branches to prevent refrigerant from flowing back and accumulating in the inactive space. If the accumulation is in gaseous form, it does not affect system operation; the main concern is preventing liquid accumulation. Therefore, not all branches require a check valve.

Suction Accumulator

For refrigeration systems in environmental testing equipment with variable operating conditions, a suction accumulator is an effective means to avoid liquid slugging and can also help regulate refrigeration capacity. However, a suction accumulator also interrupts the system's oil return, necessitating the installation of an oil separator. For units with Tecumseh fully enclosed compressors, the suction port has an adequate buffer space that provides some vaporization, allowing the omission of a suction accumulator. For units with limited installation space, a hot bypass can be set up to vaporize excess return liquid.

Cooling Capacity PID Control

Cooling capacity PID control is notably effective in operational energy savings. Moreover, in thermal balance mode, where temperature field indicators are relatively poor around room temperature (approximately 20°C), systems with cooling capacity PID control can achieve ideal indicators. It also performs well in constant temperature and humidity control, making it a leading technology in refrigeration systems for environmental testing products. Cooling capacity PID control comes in two types: time proportion and opening proportion. Time proportion controls the on-off ratio of the refrigeration solenoid valve within a time cycle, while opening proportion controls the conduction amount of the electronic expansion valve.

However, in time proportion control, the lifespan of the solenoid valve is a bottleneck. Currently, the best solenoid valves on the market have an estimated lifespan of only 3-5 years, so it's necessary to calculate whether the maintenance costs are lower than the energy savings. In opening proportion control, electronic expansion valves are currently expensive and not easily available on the market. Being a dynamic balance, they also face lifespan issues.

To achieve the desired test conditions in a constant temperature and humidity test chamber, it is inevitable to perform humidification and dehumidification operations. This article analyzes the various methods commonly used in Labcompanion constant temperature and humidity test chambers, highlighting their respective advantages, disadvantages, and recommended conditions for use.

Humidity can be expressed in many ways. For test equipment, relative humidity is the most commonly used concept. Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapor in the air to the saturation vapor pressure of water at the same temperature, expressed as a percentage.

From the properties of water vapor saturation pressure, it is known that the saturation pressure of water vapor is solely a function of temperature and is independent of the air pressure in which the water vapor exists. Through extensive experimentation and data organization, the relationship between water vapor saturation pressure and temperature has been established. Among these, the Goff-Gratch equation is widely adopted in engineering and metrology and is currently used by meteorological departments to compile humidity reference tables.

Humidification Process

Humidification essentially involves increasing the partial pressure of water vapor. The earliest method of humidification was to spray water onto the chamber walls, controlling the water temperature to regulate the surface saturation pressure. The water on the chamber walls forms a large surface area, through which water vapor diffuses into the chamber, increasing the relative humidity inside. This method emerged in the 1950s.

At that time, humidity control was primarily achieved using mercury contact conductivity meters for simple on-off regulation. However, this method was poorly suited for controlling the temperature of large, lag-prone water tanks, resulting in long transition processes that could not meet the demands of alternating humidity tests requiring rapid humidification. More importantly, spraying water onto the chamber walls inevitably led to water droplets falling on the test samples, causing varying degrees of contamination. Additionally, this method posed certain requirements for drainage within the chamber.

This method was soon replaced by steam humidification and shallow water pan humidification. However, it still has some advantages. Although the control transition process is lengthy, the humidity fluctuations are minimal once the system stabilizes, making it suitable for constant humidity tests. Furthermore, during the humidification process, the water vapor does not overheat, thus avoiding the addition of extra heat to the system. Additionally, when the spray water temperature is controlled to be lower than the required test temperature, the spray water can act as a dehumidifier.

Development of Humidification Methods

With the evolution of humidity testing from constant humidity to alternating humidity, there arose a need for faster humidification response capabilities. Spray humidification could no longer meet these demands, leading to the widespread adoption and development of steam humidification and shallow water pan humidification methods.

Steam Humidification

Steam humidification involves injecting steam directly into the test chamber. This method offers rapid response times and precise control over humidity levels, making it ideal for alternating humidity tests. However, it requires a reliable steam source and can introduce additional heat into the system, which may need to be compensated for in temperature-sensitive tests.

Shallow Water Pan Humidification

Shallow water pan humidification uses a heated water pan to evaporate water into the chamber. This method provides a stable and consistent humidity level and is relatively simple to implement. However, it may have slower response times compared to steam humidification and requires regular maintenance to prevent scaling and contamination.

Dehumidification Process

Dehumidification is the process of reducing the partial pressure of water vapor in the chamber. This can be achieved through cooling, adsorption, or condensation methods. Cooling dehumidification involves lowering the temperature of the chamber to condense water vapor, which is then removed. Adsorption dehumidification uses desiccants to absorb moisture from the air, while condensation dehumidification relies on cooling coils to condense and remove water vapor.

Conclusion

In summary, the choice of humidification and dehumidification methods in constant temperature and humidity test chambers depends on the specific requirements of the tests being conducted. While older methods like spray humidification have their advantages, modern techniques such as steam humidification and shallow water pan humidification offer greater control and faster response times, making them more suitable for advanced testing needs. Understanding the principles and trade-offs of each method is crucial for optimizing test chamber performance and ensuring accurate and reliable results.

Rechargeable battery, which can be re-active by charging after be used. They are widely used in the fields of environmentally friendly vehicles, power storage, and Dynamic field.

Environmental testing of rechargeable battery is an important means of evaluating their performance under different environmental conditions.

Ⅰ.  Testing Purpose

The environmental testing of rechargeable battery aims to simulate various conditions that may be encountered in actual usage environments to evaluate the reliability and performance of the battery. Through testing, it is possible to understand the conditions of working battery under different temperature, humidity, vibration, impact and other conditions, providing scientific basis for the research and development, production and use of battery.

Ⅱ.  Testing content

A. Temperature testing

a. High temperature test: Rich a high temperature environment to observe its temperature stability and the risk of thermal runaway.

b. Low temperature testing: Testing the discharge performance, capacity degradation, and low-temperature starting ability of the battery under low temperature conditions.

c. Temperature cycling test: Simulate the temperature changes that the battery may experience in actual use, evaluate its thermal durability and cycle life.

B. Humidity test: Evaluate the battery’s performance, sealing, and corrosion resistance in a humid environments.

C. Vibration testing: Through simulate the battery in the vibration environment that may encounter during transportation, installation, and use, evaluate its structural integrity, electrical connection reliability, and performance stability.

D. Impact testing: Through simulating the battery in unexpected situations such as drops and collisions, and evaluate their impact resistance.

E. External short circuit test: Test the performance of the battery under external short circuit conditions, including risks of thermal runaway and explosion and so on.

Ⅲ. Test standards and specifications

The environmental testing of rechargeable battery should follow relevant testing standards and specifications to ensure the accuracy and comparability of test results. Common testing standards include:

IEC 62133/ IEC 61960、UN 38.3、UL 1642/UL 2580、GB/T 31467、JIS C 8714

Ⅳ. Test equipment

Environmental testing on rechargeable battery requires the professional testing equipment and methods. Common testing equipment includes：

High and low temperature test chamber: Used to simulate different temperature environments.

Humidity test chamber: used to evaluate the performance of battery in humid environments.

Vibration test bench: Simulate vibration environment to evaluate the structural integrity and performance stability of battery.

Impact testing machine: used to simulate impacts in unexpected situations such as drops and collisions.

Ⅴ. Test results and evaluation

After completing the test, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate the test results. Based on test data and standard requirements, determine whether the performance of the battery meets the requirements under different environmental conditions. For undesirable battery, further analysis and corresponding improvement measures should be taken.

In summary, environmental testing of rechargeable battery is an important means to ensure their stable and reliable performance in practical use. Professional testing instruments can provide more professional, safe, scientific and effective experimental results for rechargeable battery testing, greatly reducing the cost of testing and bringing convenience to companies.

Click to check related products.

https://www.lab-companion.com/thermal-shock-test-chamber

https://www.lab-companion.com/temperature-and-humidity-chamber

https://www.lab-companion.com/rapid-temperature-cycling-test-chamber

The High-Low Temperature and Low Pressure Test Chamber is an experimental instrument for simulating the storage, operation, and transportation reliability on high-altitude, plateau areas climates in the national defense industry, aerospace industry automation components, automotive components, electronic and electrical components, plastics, chemical industry, food industry, pharmaceutical industry, and related products under the single or simultaneous action of high/low temperature and low pressure. It can also conduct electrical performance parameters on test specimens when powered on at the same time.

The High-Low Temperature and Low Pressure Test Chamber can perform high temperature, low temperature, altitude (not higher than 30000 meters or 45000 meters above sea level), high/low temperature cycle tests, and temperature altitude comprehensive tests on products (whole machine), components, and materials. During high and low temperature tests, this chamber can be used for testing heat dissipation samples and non heat dissipation samples. For the heat dissipation sample, its heat dissipation power cannot exceed the cooling capacity of the chamber, as the cooling capacity is a dynamic value that varies with temperature points.

Main materials of our equipment:

Adopting a bipolar rotary vane vacuum pump with high ultimate vacuum degree - ensuring efficient and stable operation of the equipment throughout its entire working range;

High strength and high reliability structural design - ensuring the high reliability of the equipment;

The inside chamber material is SUS304 stainless steel - with strong corrosion resistance, cold and hot fatigue function, long service life;

High density polyurethane foam insulation material - ensuring minimal heat loss;

Surface spraying treatment - ensuring the long-lasting anti-corrosion function and appearance life of the equipment;

High strength heat-resistant silicone rubber sealing strip - ensures high sealing performance of equipment doors;

Multiple optional functions (such as test holes, recorders, water purification systems, etc.) - ensuring users have multiple functions and testing needs;

Large area electric anti frost observation window and concealed lighting - providing good observation effect;

Environmentally friendly refrigerants - ensure that equipment better meets your environmental protection requirements;

*Customizable size/usage indicators/various optional features according to your requirements.

Main functions of our equipment:

Temperature control: It can achieve temperature constant control and program control;

The full process data recorder (optional function) can achieve full process recording and traceability of the experimental process;

Each motor is equipped with overcurrent (overheating) protection/heater short-circuit protection to ensure high reliability of air flow and heating during equipment operation;

USB interface and Ethernet communication function enable the device's communication and software expansion functions to meet various customer needs;

Adopting the internationally popular cooling control mode, the compressor cooling power can be automatically adjusted from 0% to 100%, reducing energy consumption by 30% compared to the traditional heating balance temperature control mode;

The key components of refrigeration and electrical control are all made of internationally renowned brand products, which improves and ensures the overall quality of the equipment.

The Solar Simulation Irradiation Test Chamber, also known as the "sunlight radiation protection test device," is categorized into three types based on test standards and methods: air-cooled xenon lamp (LP/SN-500), water-cooled xenon lamp (LP/SN-500), and benchtop xenon lamp (TXE). The differences among them lie in test temperature, humidity, accuracy, duration, etc. It is an indispensable testing instrument in the series of aging test chambers.

The test chamber utilizes an artificial light source combined with G7 OUTDOOR filters to adjust the system's light source, simulating the radiation found in natural sunlight, thereby meeting the requirements for solar simulators as stipulated in IEC 61646. This system light source is employed to conduct light aging tests on solar cell modules in accordance with IEC 61646 standards. During the testing, the temperature on the back of the modules must be maintained at a constant level between 50±10°C. The chamber is equipped with automatic temperature monitoring capabilities and a radiometer to control the light irradiance, ensuring it remains stable at the specified intensity, while also controlling the duration of the test.

Within the solar simulation irradiation test chamber, the period of ultraviolet (UV) light cycling typically shows that photochemical reactions are not sensitive to temperature. However, the rate of any subsequent reactions is highly dependent on the temperature level. These reaction rates increase as the temperature rises. Therefore, it is crucial to control the temperature during UV exposure. Additionally, it is essential to ensure that the temperature used in accelerated aging tests matches the highest temperature that materials would experience when directly exposed to sunlight. In the solar simulation irradiation test chamber, the UV exposure temperature can be set at any point between 50°C and 80°C, depending on the irradiance and ambient temperature. The UV exposure temperature is regulated by a sensitive temperature controller and a blower system, which ensures excellent temperature uniformity within the test chamber.

This sophisticated control over temperature and irradiance not only enhances the accuracy and reliability of the aging tests but also ensures that the results are consistent with real-world conditions, through this Solar Simulation Irradiation Test Chamber, which can provide valuable data for the development and improvement of solar cell technologies.